Terpenes 101

Terpenes are organic compounds found in various plants, including cannabis, that contribute to their aroma, flavor, and potential therapeutic effects. In cannabis, terpenes are produced in the same glands that produce cannabinoids like THC and CBD. These compounds not only contribute to the sensory experience of consuming cannabis but also interact synergistically with cannabinoids, enhancing or modulating their effects, a phenomenon known as the entourage effect. Here are some of the most common terpenes found in cannabis and their potential effects:

1. Myrcene: Found in high concentrations in many cannabis strains, myrcene has a musky, earthy aroma with hints of cloves. It’s believed to contribute to the sedative effects of Indica strains and may have analgesic (pain-relieving) properties. Myrcene is also found in hops and is responsible for the sedative effects of some beers.
2. Limonene: As the name suggests, limonene is commonly found in citrus fruits and has a citrusy aroma. In cannabis, it may elevate mood and relieve stress, as well as potentially have anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety effects. Some research suggests it could also enhance the absorption of other terpenes and cannabinoids.
3. Pinene: There are two types of pinene: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, both of which are found in cannabis. Alpha-pinene has a piney aroma and may have anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator (opening of the airways) effects. Beta-pinene has a woodsy aroma and may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
4. Linalool: Linalool is found in lavender and has a floral, slightly spicy aroma. Cannabis may have sedative and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects, making it potentially useful for promoting relaxation and reducing stress and anxiety.
5. Caryophyllene: This terpene has a spicy, peppery aroma and is also found in black pepper and cloves. Caryophyllene binds to cannabinoid receptors in the body, particularly the CB2 receptors, and may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-relieving) effects. It’s unique among terpenes because it acts like a cannabinoid despite being a terpene.
6. Humulene: Found in hops, coriander, and cloves, humulene has an earthy, woody aroma. It may have appetite-suppressant properties and potential anti-inflammatory effects.
7. Terpinolene: Terpinolene has a complex aroma with floral, citrus, and herbal notes. It’s found in smaller quantities in cannabis compared to other terpenes and may have sedative effects similar to myrcene, as well as potential antioxidant properties.

These are just a few examples of the many terpenes found in cannabis, each with its own unique aroma and potential effects. The combination and concentration of terpenes in a particular cannabis strain can significantly influence its overall effects and therapeutic potential.